Setting up UI tests can be easy but can also be a little frustrating. After setting up my tests in NUnit, each test case would run fine on their own but when trying to run all the tests at once as if they were in a suite, the tests would act as if they were timing out. My problem was a new instance of the browser was not started at the beginning of each test case. To solve the problem, a new function was added that would return a new web browser and another one that would close the browser and quit the tests see the browser.cs code example.
Below is a sample of the project and the solution to the problem. When running the tests run them and debug them making sure that a new instance of the browser is created.
My project was broken down into several different class files for each area of the site that was to be tested. The files can be accessed on GiHub by going to: https://github.com/ericdc1/AliaSQL-Demo. This is a team repository that we are sharing as we learn new things in our development environment. The structure was as follows:
- PageObjects – contains folders broken down by section of the web site, each folder contains a page actions and a page elements file.
- Tests – contains all test cases names consist of the area of the site being tested.
- Utilities – contains the base, browser and page actions classes that are used throughout the project.
Sample basic page actions class, which is referenced on most pages.
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.PageObjects;
using Sample.Core.Models;
using SampleAutomatedTesting.Utilties;
using SampleUITests.PageObjects.Basic;
using SampleUITests.Utilities;
namespace SampleUITests.PageObjects.Login
{ public class BasicPageActions
{
public static void GoTo()
{ Browser.StartWebDriver();
var URL = "http://sampleproject.com";
Browser.Goto(URL);
}
...
public static void StopTests()
{ Browser.StopTests();
}
}
}
Sample basic page elements class, common elements referenced in most tests:
using System.Net.Mime;
using NUnit.Framework;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.PageObjects;
namespace SampleUITests.PageObjects.Basic
{ public class BasicPageElements
{ [FindsBy(How = How.ClassName, Using = "LoginBox")]
private IWebElement loginBox;
public string UserName
{ get { return loginBox.Text; } }
[FindsBy(How = How.ClassName, Using = "login")]
private IWebElement signInButton;
public IWebElement SignInButton
{ get { return signInButton; } }
}
}
The other page actions and page elements files are similar but contain information specifically for that section of UI tests.
Sample test page actions and elements files:
Sample PreLoginPageActions.cs
using SampleAutomatedTesting.Utilties;
using SampleUITests.PageObjects.PreLoginHelp;
namespace SampleUITests.PageObjects.HelpPreLogin
{ public class PreLoginPageActions
{ public static void ForgotPasswordPage()
{ var helpPage = new PreLoginPageElements();
PageFactory.InitElements(Browser.Driver, helpPage);
helpPage.HelpButton.Click();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
helpPage.ForgotPassword.Click();
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
public static bool IsAtForgotPasswordPage()
{ var forgotPasswordCheck = Browser.Driver.FindElement(By.ClassName("Title")); var helpPage = new HelpPreLoginPageElements();
PageFactory.InitElements(Browser.Driver, helpPage);
return helpPage.ForgotPasswordForm.Text == forgotPasswordCheck.Text;
}
}
}
Sample PreLoginPageElements.cs
using System.Net.Mime;
using NUnit.Framework;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.PageObjects;
namespace SampleUITests.PageObjects.PreLoginHelp
{ public class PreLoginPageElements
{
[FindsBy(How = How.PartialLinkText, Using = "Forgot your Password?")]
private IWebElement forgotPassword;
public IWebElement ForgotPassword
{ get { return forgotPassword; } }
[FindsBy(How = How.ClassName, Using = "Title")]
private IWebElement forgotPasswordForm;
public IWebElement ForgotPasswordForm
{ get { return forgotPasswordForm; } }
}
}
Sample files in the Utilities folder.
base.cs
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Safari;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
namespace SampleUITests.Utilities
{ public class Base
{ static IWebDriver myWebDriver;
public Base(IWebDriver webDriver)
{ myWebDriver = webDriver;
}
//public DataTable GetData(string connString, string sql)
//{ // //Query database
//}
public static ISearchContext Driver
{ get { return myWebDriver; } }
public IWebDriver StartBrowser(string browserType)
{ //Implement use case statement for browsers to
switch (browserType)
{ case("IE") : myWebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
break;
case("Chrome") : myWebDriver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
case("Firefox"): myWebDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
break;
case("Safari"): myWebDriver = new SafariDriver();
break;
default:
myWebDriver = new ChromeDriver();
break;
}
return myWebDriver;
}
public void SwitchToWindow(string handle)
{ //Switches to another window
myWebDriver.SwitchTo().Window(handle);
}
public void SwitchToFrame(string handle)
{ //switches to a different frame
myWebDriver.SwitchTo().Frame(handle);
}
public void CloseWindow(string handle)
{ myWebDriver.SwitchTo().Window(handle);
myWebDriver.Close();
}
public void LaunchUrl(string url)
{ myWebDriver.Url = url;
}
public string Title
{ get { return myWebDriver.Title; } }
public void RefreshPage()
{ myWebDriver.Navigate().Refresh();
}
public void StopTests()
{ myWebDriver.Close();
}
}
}
browser.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using NUnit.Framework;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
namespace SampleAutomatedTesting.Utilties
{ public static class Browser
{ static IWebDriver webDriver;
public static IWebDriver StartWebDriver()
{ webDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
return webDriver;
}
public static string Title
{ get { return webDriver.Title; } }
public static ISearchContext Driver
{ get { return webDriver; } }
public static void Goto(string url)
{ webDriver.Url = url;
}
public static void StopTests()
{ webDriver.Close();
webDriver.Quit();
}
}
}
pageactions.cs
using System;
using System.Data;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
namespace SampleUITests.Utilities
{ public class PageActions
{ static IWebDriver myWebDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
public PageActions(IWebDriver webDriver)
{ myWebDriver = webDriver;
}
public void SwitchToWindow(string handle)
{ //Switches to another window
myWebDriver.SwitchTo().Window(handle);
}
public void SwitchToFrame(string handle)
{ //switches to a different frame
myWebDriver.SwitchTo().Frame(handle);
}
public void Goto(string url)
{
myWebDriver.Url = url;
}
public void RefreshPage()
{ myWebDriver.Navigate().Refresh();
}
public void Execute(By by, Action<IWebElement> action)
{ var element = myWebDriver.FindElement(by);
action(element);
}
public void SetText(string elementName, string newText)
{ Execute(By.Name(elementName), e =>
{ e.Clear();
e.SendKeys(newText);
});
}
}
}
Sample tests file. It is important to note that you need to have the following attributes on each test page: TestFixture, TestFixtureSetUp, TestFixtureTearDown.
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using NUnit.Framework;
using Sample.Core.Models;
using SampleUITests.PageObjects.PreLogin;
using SampleUITests.PageObjects.Login;
using SampleUITests.PageObjects.LoginHelp;
namespace SampleUITests.Tests
{ [TestFixture]
public class PreLoginTests
{ private StringBuilder verificationErrors;
[TestFixtureSetUp]
public void SetupTest()
{ BasicPageActions.GoTo();
verificationErrors = new StringBuilder();
}
[Test]
public void ForgotPassword()
{ PreLoginPageActions.SelectHelp();
PreLoginPageActions.ForgotPasswordPage();
Assert.IsTrue(PreLoginPageActions.IsAtForgotPasswordPage());
}
[Test]
public void CheckContactSupportLink()
{ PreLoginPageActions.SelectHelp();
PreLoginPageActions.ContactSupportLink();
Assert.IsTrue(PreLoginPageActions.IsContactSupportSuccessful());
}
[TestFixtureTearDown]
public void TearDownTest()
{ BasicPageActions.StopTests();
Assert.AreEqual("", verificationErrors.ToString()); }
}
}
Things to remember when running your tests:
- Remember to use debug if you are not sure if a new instance of your web driver is being created.
- Keep it simple and don’t be afraid of refactoring and breaking down your tests.
- Look at plenty of samples.
- Read the documentation for Selenium and NUnit through at least once.
Recommended links and posts that helped me:
Note: Some of the sample code was from the https://github.com/MehdiK/MaintainableUiTesting project on GitHub.
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